Instant Messaging and College Students Essay -- Communication Computer

Texting and College Students In the previous barely any years, innovation has assumed control over our reality. Our lives are streaming quickly into an innovation based planet; would you be able to recall when individuals didn't stroll around with a wireless appended to their heads? Do you review when you needed to pull out the guide book to discover bearings as opposed to making a beeline for www.mapquest.com? One of the fresher innovative gadgets to advance into the United States, and particularly into the lives of understudies, is moment delegate. The inquiry we should pose to ourselves about moment flag-bearer, an inquiry we should pose about any new bit of innovation is, does this creation advantage us or mischief us? Moment errand person has numerous constructive viewpoints, however when cautiously gauging the valid statements against the terrible one can presume that moment delivery person will generally speaking adversely influence the regular understudy. Essential Information What precisely is moment delivery person? It is a web based talking administration, which doesn't require a server, in this way giving immediate and moment correspondence (Van Horn 653). One can visit with various people simultaneously on the off chance that the person in question wants. It was first evolved in 1988 by a Finnish man and named Internet Relay Chat (Goldsborough 44). Its prevalence has consistently expanded since its turn of events. Actually, in 1999, IDC, an innovation statistical surveying firm in Massachusetts, anticipated that its fame would grow one hundred and 40% in every one of the following five years. This development suggests that continuously 2004 there will be more than one hundred and eighty million moment delivery person clients (Goldsborough 44). Positive Aspects In any case, there are acceptable and terrible perspectives to everything that is well known in societ... ...ew Hampshire. 23 Oct. 2002. http://www.uiowa.edu/~grpproc/fresh/crisp.8.1.html Flatow, Nicole. Correspondence Overload?. Pipe Dream 13 February 2001. . 23 October 2002 http://www.bupipedream.com/010213/news/n5.html Fry, Ethan. AOL Instant Messenger a school must. Columbia Chronicle Online 15 April 2001. . 23 October 2002 http://www.ccchronicle.com/back/2002-04-15/opinions4.html Goldsborough, Reid. Texting for Instant Communications. Black Issues in Advanced education Mar. 2001: 44. Kovach, Nick. Web Addiction a Threat to College Students. The Post 25 January 2001. 23 October 2002 The Life Application Study Bible. Stupendous Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1997. Van Horn, Royal. Problematic Technology. Phi Delta Kappan Mar. 2002: 492-4. - Crude Data and News. Phi Delta Kappan May 2002: 652-4.

How to address members of the Government in a letter

Step by step instructions to address individuals from the Government in a letter Keeping in touch with the Government Will you have something you simply need to state to the following administration of this nation? It appears to be fitting by one way or another (not certain why) to catch up our last blog with a fast explanation on the most proficient method to keep in touch with MPs. All things considered, the hold up is about finished. The crusading is everything except wrapped up. We realize the outcomes are an intense one to call, and that whoever rises successful from the hustings will have some extreme calls to make. So if youre keen on imparting insights, proposals, suggestions, congrats, or even a determination of spending plans with whichever gathering (or gatherings) makes it past the post, heres how to do it. Its extensively more clear than legislative issues. PM For the new/reappointed PM, start your epistle, Dear Mr [insert last name here], or much more basically: Dear Prime Minister. Finish Yours truly. The Cabinet For the remainder of the Cabinet, its simply Dear [appointment]. For instance, Dear Minister, Dear Home Secretary, Dear Lord Chancellor, Dear Under-Secretary, etc. On the off chance that the arrangement being referred to is especially wordy, its better to utilize their name. Yours truly is the close down. Envelopes Individuals from the Cabinet are known as Right Honorable. The recipe for tending to them on the envelope is: The Rt Hon [title] [name] [honours], MP, [appointment/position] Remember they might not have a title (eg Sir), or any distinctions (for instance, KBE, CBE and so on). So the following PMs envelope would peruse (in your best penmanship): The Rt Hon [Gordon Brown/David Cameron/Nick Clegg/Shock outsider], MP, Prime Minister. Majority rule government Presently, after youve composed your X, youll be well-prepared to compose whatever else you believe you should. Prior to at that point, obviously, theres simply the little matter of checking the votes. Furthermore, you can likewise consistently have your state on what shows up here. Simply leave a remark beneath, or get in touch with us legitimately. Compose Now plans to address any inquiries you may have about business composing: blogging with the individuals, for the individuals. Picture credit:derwiki/Pixabay

Why PTSD and IBS Occur Together

Why PTSD and IBS Occur Together PTSD Related Conditions Print The Relationship Between PTSD and IBS By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 08, 2020 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children Anna Bizon / Getty Images At first glance, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) may not seem to have any special connection. However, PTSD and IBS often occur together. If you have PTSD, IBS, or both, understanding how theyre connected can help you seek out the most appropriate treatment. Irritable Bowel Syndrome Statistics and Causes IBS is a digestive disorder thats more common than you may think. Here are some statistics: Between 25 and 45 million Americans have IBSTen percent to 15 percent of people worldwide have IBSIBS is more common among women; 2 out of 3 sufferers are femaleMost people who have IBS are under 50 years old People with IBS have chronic abdominal pain and major problems with bowel function such as urgent diarrhea, chronic constipation, or, at different times, both. IBS appears to stem from a malfunction in how the intestines work; however, this malfunction is not well understood or easily detected. The causes of IBS are not completely understood either, but there is evidence connecting IBS with certain mental health problems. For example, compared to people without IBS, people with IBS are more likely to have mood and anxiety disorders. The mental health problems occur first, then the IBS, suggesting that having any of these problems may increase your risk of developing IBS. The Connection Between PTSD and IBS If you have PTSD, youll be interested to learn that anxiety disorders, particularly PTSD, are the mental health problems most likely to occur before IBS. In fact, theres a strong link between stress and IBS. People who have IBS also seem to have higher rates of exposure to traumatic events. For example, one study of  21,264  urban African Americans found that 8.2 percent had IBS, with nearly 82 percent of those are female. The study also found a strong association between PTSD and IBS: African Americans with IBS are twice as likely to also have PTSD. ?A study  of women veterans with and without IBS found that 22 percent of the women with IBS also had PTSD compared to 11 percent of the women who didnt. Why Traumatic Events and PTSD Can Lead to IBS Its not clear why traumatic events and PTSD can lead to IBS, but its likely that chronic stress from a traumatic event or PTSD can harm your digestive system. In PTSD, your bodys fight or flight response is frequently activated, releasing a substance in the brain called corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). Among other things, CRF increases mucus and water secretion in your colon and disrupts colon motility (speed of muscle contraction). Its likely, then, that high levels of CRF contribute to the development of IBS in people with PTSD. How the Fight or Flight Response Is a Natural Response to PTSD The Benefits of Treating Both PTSD and IBS If you have PTSD and IBS, the stress of having PTSD can make your IBS symptoms worseâ€"and vice versa. Fortunately, treating your PTSD may also improve your IBS. One of the most effective treatments for PTSD is exposure therapy  and other options are also available. If youre looking for a PTSD treatment provider, a number of websites can help you connect with providers in your area. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

The Rise And Fall Of Hitler s Nazi Party - 1301 Words

The Rise and Fall of Hitler’s Nazi Party In the world today and since the beginning of time fear is and always has been a powerful emotion. For the people who control it it’s the perfect tool. They disguise it as happiness while they can conduct their evil actions, and their choices can appear to be the right ones when the mind is fogged by panic. While the person who controls the fear uses it to control an entire society. George Orwell did a wonderful job in portraying how this could happen in his novel: 1984. This is exactly what was happening in Germany after World War One. After World War One Germany was left broken, spiritually, physically, and financially. Initially after the war Germany tried to recover by means of social spending. They began building new and repairing and old public transportation works. They worked on modernizing old and building new power plants and gas works. Germany started working on all of the public projects in an effort to help combat the ever so rapidly increasing unemployment rates that they faced, while also rebuilding the nation. However after causing so much destruction, and being held responsible for igniting the fire that was World War One, The treaty of Versailles called for Germany to pay over $30 million in reparations to the nations that wreaked havoc on. All of these social projects being used to fight unemployment, along with the reparations that they were being forced to pay were starting to take a huge toll on Germany’sShow MoreRelatedThe Aftermath Of The Holocaust1668 Words   |  7 Pagesbe investigated by Hitler s rise to power and through what occurred during the Holocaust itself. Evaluating the aftermath of the Holocaust can show the event s effects on the whole nation. The Great Depression in the 1930 s hit the whole nation hard. From Germany s perspective, the economic fall hit them the hardest out of everyone. 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TigerAir Singapore Analysis - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2430 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Transport Essay Type Case study Level High school Did you like this example? Table of Contents Analysis of the Campaign text Brand Analysis SWOT Analysis Actual Positioning Customer Analysis Competitive Landscape Analysis Market Trends Pestle Analysis a)Political Factor: b)Social Factor: c)Economic Factor: d)Legal Factor: e)Environment Factor: f)Technological factor: Marketing Communication Plan Tigerair Market competition Tigerair Marketing Strategy and the Competitive Positioning Tigerair Positioning Tigerair Marketing Goals and Objectives Tigerair Marketing Mix Tows Matrix WO Strategies ST strategies SO strategies WT Strategies Marketing Budget considerations Campaign metrics Recommendations Conclusion Bibliography . Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "TigerAir Singapore Analysis" essay for you Create order Analysis of the Campaign text Brand Analysis Tigerair is a Singapore based company that offers different traveling options at affordable prices. They claim consumer satisfaction excellence and they started their operations in 2004. The travelling organization offers flights up to 37 different destinations. In Asia they touch base with 12 countries (Holding, 2015). Within the previous decade Tigerair has won awards for customer service and lowest rates. Of course the lowest rates awards didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t mean that quality at any point in time was effected. Among the local airlines in Singapore, Tigerair maintains the leading position in providing quality services to the general public. SWOT Analysis Tigerair holds a dominant position in the local industry due to its low cost rates. That means targeting the low cost segment they have attracted a huge customer base (Hauser Shugan, 2008). It has a huge network operation in all of Asia. The rate of growth for Tigerair is exceptionally high (Holding, 2015). However according to certain academics (Bisignani, 2006) when big business expand at an exponential rate they are the worst hit by financial crises. Hence Tigerair can be in a vulnerable condition if there is an economic crises. Right now Tigerair is offering flights for 12 destinations in Asia, however Asia is composed of 48 states. Hence if it thinks to expand its operations Tigerair should start thinking of starting their operation in other zones in Asia. This could be a big opportunity for them as residing in Asia, they know the industry and operational predicaments. Further as compared to outside Asia expansion it could effectively reduce the cost. Further some a cademics (Flores-Fillol Moner-Colonques, 2007) account that for regional airlines liaisons with other airlines can attract more customer and save costs. Hence Tigerair should be looking into that particular paradigm. As far as Threats are concerned, for airlines rising prices of Oils is always a concern according to many studies (Flores-Fillol Moner-Colonques, 2007) (Fu Zhang, 2010). Further right now Tigerair has a cost effective advantage but if another airline comes with the same cost structure or lower prices with same quality that could pose a stiff competition for the airline. Actual Positioning It should be noted that Tigerair poses itself to be an extremely cost effective travel. This means it tends to target two segments of the market. First are the business personals who usually seek many trips on low cost and second are the domestic travellers who look for affordable travel (Holding, 2015). Because Tigerair has marketed itself offering various destination in Asia and outbound it looks to be an attractive bet for all the consumers who are looking for a good travel experience at affordable rates. Customer Analysis As already discussed above due to the low cost paradigm Tigerair has attracted a significant loyal consumer base domestic and business personals for air travel on inexpensive rates. There is no specific age customer but the portfolio for Tigerair include people of various background and ages who seek affordable travel (Holding, 2015). According to academics ( Lederman, 2007) this is a big success for any organization to attract a diverse audience of various background. But critics (Bisignani, 2006) (Hauser Shugan, 2008) also maintain that attracting a consumer base based on cheaper rates can be easily deflected if another airline comes in the market with low rates and better quality schemes. In conclusion the relationship between cost and customer base is mentioned below; Competitive Landscape Analysis As the above figure explains Tigerair main competition is shaped due to the three factors above. Firstly the local traditional airline which have been existing for a significant time have been affected due to the low cost paradigm of Tigerair. Hence the traditional airlines which offer full service poses the immediate competition for them (Holding, 2015). The second ones are the international lines working in Asia through different routes and prices (Holding, 2015). Tigerair maintains it edge with the same low price model with good services. And lastly the international entry by Tigerair with result in international price wars. The immediate case was witnessed when Tigerair decided to launch its operations in Australia. Australian airline faced the pressure of the cliental as Tigerair offered low rates (Liang, 2005). Further as discussed in the swot analysis competition is enhanced and effected due to the following factors as well; Oil Prices Political Stability Weather Issues Barriers to entry in local and international sphere Economic conditions Tax rates by the government Inflation in keeping the price hikes Market Trends Pestle Analysis Political Factor: According to the studies (Liang, 2005) the political environment of Singapore is quite stable and that eventually helps any growing industry in the market. Academics (Liang, 2005) hold that political stability and no government disturbance keep the prices and the trust of the factor in check. Hence politically Tigerair has a good advantage Social Factor: Singapore has a very sound and intellectually mature public with above 92 % literacy rate (Mundi, 2015). That means that they have an informed public. There are both advantages and a downside for any industry for this factor. The positive point is the public is aware to make comparison so if they see Tigerair with a good service and low rates they will opt for it. However it should be noted they will always be on a look out for a better product in the market. Economic Factor: Over the past decade Singapore economy is in a good position (Liang, 2005). A good and sound economy actually let the market players to play with the prices. If the inflation rate of any country is stable cost effective prices can be easily be maintained (Zook Brunn, 2006). However in economic crises this cost effectiveness might harm and is difficult to be maintained over a longer period of time. Legal Factor: Cost effectiveness of any company results in low wages for the employees. That is because low cost prices of the product means the manufacturing cost for that particular service or product is considerably lower (WEN YEH, 2010). Tigerair seemingly has a challenge here, good wages is a good indicator for employee retention and hence Tigerair need to concentrate on this part. Environment Factor: According to the information on the sources (Holding, 2015) given out by Tigerair it seems that it is doing adequate steps to control its carbon print on the earth. However there is always a room for improvement. Technological factor: Scholastics understanding (WEN YEH, 2010) hold that continuous improvement is paramount for any company survival. Whether the business is currently doing well, it is of prime importance they look for other venues and services to keep the customer retention. Marketing Communication Plan Tigerair à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Market competition It can be seen that nowadays the competition in the airline industry is quite high and companies are striving to make their position in the market. From the airlines industry there are two main competitors of Tigerair. One is Air Asia and the others Jetstar. Due to this the marketing strategies that the competitors are adopting has a direct impact and influence on the Tigerairà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s business. Usually it can be noticed that the airline industry are cost driven which results in less brand loyalty from the customer perspective. It is suggested that the Tigerair should adopt better pricing strategy in the competitive market so that they could maintain a stable market share in the industry. Tigerair à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Marketing Strategy and the Competitive Positioning Tigerair Segmentation Tigerair Targeting Tigerair à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Positioning Travelers Promo Lovers Shopaholic Value added seeker Value added seekers Low Price à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" High Value Tigerair Positioning Tigerair is situated in such an area where so many other airlines are there such as the Air Asia, Air Indus and etc. The scope of the airline industry has immensely grown with the expanding new entrants of other Airline companies. However it has also increased the much need for the travel and tourism among the people who can afford it. Tigerair is looking realizing that their region is quite competitive. The below mentioned Porterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s model explains the five forces of competition, which Tigerair are currently facing is facing. Tigerair à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Marketing Goals and Objectives Creating Tigerair exclusive experience for its customers. Building Tigerair as a robust brand Opening of the new routes along with low costs Increasing the level of sales and revenues Increasing companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s market share Communication of the new Tigerair Corporate values and ethics Tigerair à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Marketing Mix The four Cs strategies and tactic plans that will be adopted by the Tigerair are as follows: Consumer Opening the new route for the consumers The new route will provide full services Cost Setting affordable pricing strategy: The carrier airways inclusive The average low cost Full service provision Convenience Online Smart Phone application induction Start of the Travel Agency office Online marketing and info availability Communication Provision of the 360 degree communication with the customers including the media gathering, advertisements such as TVC and you tube , Facebook Tows Matrix WO Strategies The company can expand and try to develop in such areas such as Laos and regions of Cambodia which will gain them the low cost for the employees. The profits that would be earned from here can be further invested in improving the experience of customer services. Tigerair can work closely along with the booking agents and also inauguration of improving the flights time such as introducing them during the prime time and with improved mechanism of booking system. Tigerair will the get to compete better with the competitors. It is noticeable that the ASEAN agreement has now opened the new opportunities for flying to more destinations and this will be adopted by Tigerair which will widen the horizons for more consumers from other regions as well. ST strategies Usually people are not aware of Tigerair. The company has to revitalize the marketing strategies which will be able to make them more into their low cost flights and the travelling to other destinations. Tigerair needs to reach out its networking capabilities with the hotels, car travelling companies and the companies such as the holiday homes which can become as a complementary services to their customers. SO strategies Tigerair has a strategic location situated in Singapore which can give them more good advances to open the new networks and affiliate themselves with the other big companies. The Tigerair has the low cost maintenance services and its operations that would ensure them to save their safety policies and the concern of their valuable customers. Tigerair should reach out to such customers in Asia who are willing to have less costly travelling experiences. ASEAN agreement will enable them to have unlimited travelers in their service. WT Strategies The company has no alternative if they wonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t be able to adopt better marketing strategies other than to shut their business or any other airline could acquire them. Marketing Budget considerations Campaign metrics The budget that is allocated for the Tigerair will consist of SGD 1,500,000 for one campaign in the set target markets that are identified as the main core for the Tigerair airlines. Our campaigns will be including the pulsing media flight during the holiday season commencing from December 2015 which will also maintain the online presence, outdoor and the new mobile campaign as well. The budget allocation is as follows: Television 750,000 SGD Print 350,000 SGD Outdoor 200,000 SGD Online 150,000 SGD Mobile 50,000 SGD Recommendations Tigerair should have their main focus on improving their customer experience through the better customer relations and services such as avoiding the delay and cancellation of the flights. Usually in the Airline industry the biggest issue is among the unreliable flights and this cause the companies at stake. Tigerair should look into better opportunities such as expansion in other countries most probably the developing countries. They need to give guarantee to their employers through job satisfaction which will raise their morale and provide better policy guidelines to the customers regarding the security and safety policy. Conclusion According to the analysis and the marketing communication plan that we have done it is visibly noticeable that the success of Tigerair can create a new hype in the airline industry. Moreover, the efficient marketing strategies and the operational performance is going to be the key root of Tiger air accomplishment. The company is itself quite successful and they have gained a good brand recognition worldwide in the past few years. The strategies and objectives that are proposed for Tigerair in this assignment can make them improve their structure and gain the impetus which they have engendered in the past five years among their set target market. Considering from the point of view of market research, focusing on the mix audit we can clearly predict that we are now able to identify and provide recommendation for the better performance and improved mechanism along with the developed effective marketing strategies. Bibliography Lederman, M. (2007). Do Enhancements to Loyalty Programs Affect Demand? The Impact of International Frequent Flyer Partnerships on Domestic Airline Demand. The RAND Journal of Economics, 1134-1158. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/25046356 Bisignani, G. (2006). Airlines. Foreign Policy, 22-24, 26, 28. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/25461987 Flores-Fillol , R., Moner-Colonques, R. (2007). Strategic Formation of Airline Alliances. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, 427-449. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/20054029 Fu , X., Zhang, A. (2010). Effects of Airport Concession Revenue Sharing on Airline Competition and Social Welfare. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, 119-138. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/40600019 Hauser , J. R., Shugan, S. M. (2008). Defensive Marketing Strategies. Marketing Science, 85-87. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/40057247 Holding, T. A. (2015). Tigerair. Retrieved fro m Tigerair: Over 80 destinations, 140,000 hotels, 30,000 rental car locations: https://www.tigerair.com/sg/en/ Liang, M. (2005). Singapores Trade Policies: Priorities and Options. ASEAN Economic Bulletin, 49-59. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/25773843 Mundi, I. (2015). Index Mundi. Retrieved from Index Mundi: https://www.indexmundi.com/g/r.aspx?v=39 WEN , C.-H., YEH, W.-Y. (2010). Positioning of International Air Passenger Carriers Using Multidimensional Scaling and Correspondence Analysis. Transportation Journal, 7-23. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/40904818 Zook , M. A., Brunn, S. D. (2006). From Podes to Antipodes: Positionalities and Global Airline Geographies. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 471-490. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/4124428

Different Views on Gun Control - 841 Words

Gun Control is a big topic right now and this Op Ed paper will be on the very important topic of gun control. How the laws can be improved and how people think it should be solved. Some think that firearms should be banned altogether. Others think that improving the purchasing of guns and more strict laws will improve the gun violence problem. Better education of handling/safety of guns, better background checks and a test on your knowledge of the gun you are wanting to purchase is the best way to solve this problem. Some associations and anti gun groups believe that banning firearms will solve the problem. They think that taking firearms away completely will stop the shootings and stop all of the violence that guns cause. They say that gun control is not an option, it is a necessity. They mean that guns are not an option, they cause mass killings and people to become violent. Taking guns away is not going to solve any problems with gun violence. If criminals want a gun they will find a way around the ban and buy a firearm illegally. Taking firearms away would violate our second amendment rights taking away the ability to defend your home and your family. Our current gun registration laws are not adequate for law enforcement. We should require guns to be registered and characterized in order to prevent and help solve crimes. The loopholes in our current gun regulations need to be eliminated. Readily accessible guns can cause accidents from childrenShow MoreRelatedEssay On Gun Control1248 Words   |  5 PagesViews on Gun Control Gun control is one of the few things in today’s society that is a major problem and that is extremely prevalent in the United States. This phenomenon has been a controversy for decades that is still highly debated today. One of the reasons why this topic is so important is because of how dangerous firearms can be towards others or even yourself. 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Grapes of wrath biblica comparison Essay Example For Students

Grapes of wrath: biblica comparison Essay Many novels written contain parallels to the Bible. This couldnt be truer in the case John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath. Steinbeck alludes to Biblical characters and events with the use of Rose of Sharon, Jim Casy, and also the Joads journey to California. There are other events in the book that parallel the Bible, although the portrayal of Rose of Sharon and Jim Casy are the most obvious. The novel is broken into 3 different parts, the time spent in Oklahoma, the journey on the road, and the time spent in California. Each section is closely related to the three stages of the Biblical Exodus: the Israelites time in bondage when God sent plagues to free them (chapters 1-11), the forty years of wandering in the desert (chapters 12-18), and the arrival in Canaan, the Promised Land (chapters 19-30). The plagues sent by God are paralleled by the drought in Oklahoma, the Egyptian oppressors by the bank officials, and the hostile Canaanites by the Californians (Monkeynotes , The Grapes). Rose of Sharon is a character that is most directly related to the Bible. Her name in found in the Song of Solomon, I am a rose of Sharon, a lily of the valleys (Ganticles, 7:7). Most of Rose of Sharons parallels to the Bible take place in the last chapter of the novel. After the birth of her stillborn baby she nourishes a starving man with her milk. This is symbolic of the giving of her body , much like Jesus did at the Last Supper, This cup is the new covenant in my blood, which will be shed for you (Luke 22: 20). Also when Uncle John puts Rose of Sharons stillborn child in an apple crate and floats it downstream, Go down and tell em (Steinbeck, 571-72), it alludes to the journey that baby Moses made. The Joad family is made up of 12 people, including Connie, and Casy as the 13th person in the journey. This can be seen as a reference to Jesus and his 12 disciples. Connie represents Judas, the traitor that turns against Jesus and the rest of his disciples. In chapter 20 Connie expresses his regret of taking the journey to California to Rose of Sharon and eventually leaves, If Id knowed it would be like this I wouldn of came (Steinbeck, 343). Jim Casy has to be one of the most obvious references to the Bible. His character is meant to parallel Jesus. They both have the same initials, J.C., and Casy prided himself on finding out what was wrong and right just as Jesus did with preaching the difference between good and evil. In chapter 20 Casy gives himself up and gets arrested to save Tom. This action portrays Casy as a symbol of Christ. While in prison he finds his calling as a voice for the migrant farm workers. He is ultimately crucified for his actions in chapter 26. Casy says to his murders You dont know what youre a-doin! (Steinbeck, 527) which parallels Jesus words when he is being crucified, Father, forgive them, they know not what they do (Luke, 23:34). Shortly after Casys death Tom decides to take up Casys cause of improving living conditions for the migrant farm workers, Wherever theys a fight so hungry people can eat, Ill be there. Wherever theys a cop beatin up a guy, Ill be there (Steinbeck, 572). This is much like Jesus disciples fulfilling his teachings ever after his death. Many of the themes and ideas of Steinbecks novel The Grapes of Wrath are Biblically inspired. He is able to allude to Biblical characters and events through Rose of Sharon, Jim Casy, and the familys journey to California.Words/ Pages : 621 / 24

How Could Benchmarking Be Effectively free essay sample

How could benchmarking be effectively used to achieve competitive advantage? Please provide an example. Starbucks Even Starbucks has to Benchmark Considering its benches are always full of hipsters sipping their half-caf low-fat moccachinos, you might think that Starbucks would have no need for benchmarking, as many of its benches already have permanent rear-shaped impressions from long-time customers. But thats not the case at all.In this great case study in DC Velocity, we find out that, as of 2008, costs had risen faster than sales for three years running (since you cant grow fast in a market thats already near the saturation point), there were no metrics to measure service performance and, once measurement criteria were instituted, less than half of all store orders in the United States and Canada were delivered on time. However, once the company started benchmarking and focussed on revamping the supply chain to improve its performance, in a mere two years, Starbucks was able to increase on-time performance to almost 90% and results are still improving. We will write a custom essay sample on How Could Benchmarking Be Effectively or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So if you want to improve your supply chain, it starts with a good benchmark A Competitive Strategy for Starbucks In short order, Starbucks Corporation has become a premier purveyor of coffee and related beverages along with selected merchandise and has acquired almost universal domestic brand name recognition (MacArthur, 2001). Currently, Starbucks is engaged in a number of activities designed to expand its presence in the new global beverage market.Starbucks growth strategy thus far has tended to emphasize positioning its stores in high traffic areas, including mini-stores located in hotels, upscale grocery stores, shopping mall food courts, and other ventures which are not free-standing (Kim, 2000). The company has also adopted a highly aggressive globalization strategy to capitalize upon European tastes and interest in American coffee products (Moran, 1999). Equally significant, according to Moran (1999), is the companys emphasis on Starbucks in-store experience of customer service.

Roman Art Essays - Visual Arts, Persian Art, Roman Art, Sculpture

Roman Art Essays - Visual Arts, Persian Art, Roman Art, Sculpture Roman Art Romans were collectors and admirers of Greek art. Art from Greece was brought to Rome, copied, and also changed by the Romans. As a result, Roman art is somewhat based on Greek art. However, Roman art is not merely a continuation of Greek art. For an amateur it is difficult to determine between the two art forms because neither the Romans nor the Greeks wrote down the history of their own art. The characteristics pertaining to each particular type of art are known to some extent, so the experts are relatively accurate in determining the separation of the two types of art. Roman art is divided into four categories: portrait sculptures, paintings and mosaics, relief sculptures, and statues. Each of these has its own characteristics. Portrait sculptures, designed by the Romans, shows the desire of the Romans for literalness; it records even the homeliest features. This is demonstrated in the sculpture, Head of A Roman, made of marble in 80 B.C. The artist painstakingly reported each rise and fall and each bulge and fold of the entire facial surface. It was as if the artist was acting like a map maker, trying not to miss the slightest detail. The end product was a blunt, bald record of features. Idealism nor improvement of features was done causing the feeling of superrealism. Paintings and mosaics were influenced by the architecture of the Romans . Their architecture consiste d of buildings containing a small number of doors and windows, thus leaving considerably large stretches of wall space suitable for decoration. The quality was determined by the importance and the wealth of the patron. The walls were used for two things in Roman art. First, they were used as a barrier. Secondly, they were used to visually open the wall and enhance the space of the room. Only certain colors were used. These were deep red, yellow, green, violet and black. Two methods were used to prepare walls for painting. In one, plaster was compounded with marble dust, then laid directly on the wall in several layers. It was eventually beaten smooth with a trowel until it became dense. Finally, it was polished to a marble finish. The wall was then ready to be painted with water colors or encaustic paints. The other method, called panel painting, consisted of stucco being applied to boards of cypress, pine, lime, oak, and larch. Then water colors, obtained from minerals and animal d yes were applied. The painting was then mounted to cover a wall. These methods were used throughout the years to produce paintings. Although the style of the paintings on the walls changed during the years, the methods used to prepare the walls basically stayed the same. There are four styles of painting Incrustation, the first style, was used from 200 to 60 B.C. Walls were divided into bright polychrome panels of solid colors with an occasional textural contrast. In the years 60 to 20 B.C. the second style, the architectural style, was used. This method made a wall look as if it extended beyond the room, but it wasn't systematically perspective. In the years 20 B.C. to A.D. 60, the third style, the ornate style, was used. This method subdivided a wall into a number of panels by means of vertical and horizontal bands. The fourth and final style of painting took place in A.D.60 to A.D.79. It was called the intricate style. Each wall contained a great number of separate paintings not relating to each other. It made people feel as if they were walking through an art gallery looking at a variety of different paintings. Art of Rome wasn't limited to that of walls. Romans also had murals, painted glass, illustrated books, and easel paintings. Relief sculptures, carved into large pieces of stone, were used to decorate pediments, cella walls of temples, and the interior and exterior of various buildings. The size of a relief was dependent upon the purpose, location and treatment of the monument. There are two types of relief sculptures. One is a pictorial frieze, which is an unbroken representation of one or more mythological or historical events. The other is an image. It consists of a self-contained representation of an

Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) and Customer Satisfaction Assignment

Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) and Customer Satisfaction strategy - Assignment Example The success of a product often related to the influence of the advertisement performed. Sometimes the lack of advertisement may kill the product whereas at times attractive advertisement may save a poor product. So the planning of different types of advertising activities through Medias such as Television, Print media, internet, etc is very important. People respond to new products in different ways. Customer feedback is another area which the new product developers should concentrate. Based on the feedbacks, the product may require some fine tuning. Beta testing is a strategy adopted by even biog companies like Microsoft when they introduce a new product in the market. Windows Vista and Windows 7 etc entered the market after beta testing. This chapter briefly analyses the advertising and promotional strategies, effectiveness of advertising, measuring customer satisfaction etc with respect to the new product virtual sex software. Identification of the target market is the first step before planning the advertising and promotional strategies for the virtual sex software. Li (2007) has mentioned that identification of the demographics and psychographics is important for the successful marketing of a new product (Li, 2007). Virtual sex software mainly targets the sexually disabled persons and the teenagers and hence the advertising strategies should focus to address such people in the market. Advertising channels like internet, e-mails, Short Messaging Services (SMS), television, print media etc can be used effectively for giving details about the virtual sex software to the customers. It is better to advertise the new product with the help of a brand ambassador. A well known celebrity can be utilized for the advertisements of this product. Attractive captions and audio visual advertisements may develop enthusiasm among the customers about the new product. Some case studies and testimonials from the satisfied customers may better influence the target

Elder abuse and death claims Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Elder abuse and death claims - Assignment Example One of the most salient social themes that come out in the story is that of abuse and how extensive it can go without being disclosed or realised. Victims of abuse have, in many cases, been silenced or intimidated to silence especially if they are minors or physically challenged (Oliver and Charles, 2015: 135). Philips’ case is no exception as he received countless abuses but continued to be quiet for very many years. Impairment/disability according to Bennett (2012:194), are a risk factor that puts individuals at high chances of being abused. Individuals suffering from impairments and disabilities especially physical and mental paralysis are taken advantage of as they lack the capacity for self-dependence. Bonnano (2012: 738) argues that dependence on other people for social support is the reason that makes this group fall prey to abusers.Disabilities hinder one from acquiring skills that can help them to manage their lives especially in the financial aspect (Larkin, Shields and Anda, 2012: 267). They have to depend on family members and other people to help them sign or fill forms that relate to financial matters. It is at this time that the abusers take advantage to exploit and defraud the victims. Philips’s cerebral palsy situation does not just affect his physical well-being but also his physiological status. This has put him in a situation where he has to depend on them fully for all-around support. Physical as well as emotional abuse becomes almost inevitable (2012:194).

The Four Different Spheres

The Four Different Spheres The Great Barrier Reef is the largest reef system in the world, stretching around 2300 kilometres. It is located on the North East Australian coastline and due to its area faces both positive and negative interactions with the atmosphere. The reef lies in an area classified as Australias Cyclone Zone, and for many thousands of years the reef has been struck by severe tropical cyclones, that have resulted in the changing nature of the ecosystem. The degree of impact on the reef is subject to the intensity and extent of the storm, though the overall outcome of a storm is damage for the living and non-living organisms like the coral. The damage occurs due to the large storm waves that are produced from strong winds and low-pressure systems. The forceful waves rip apart the more fragile coral and create chips and imperfections in the harder coral. In severe cyclone cases the cyclone can cause a whole reef ecosystem to be buried under sediment. Tropical cyclones also bring with them heavi ly-induced rain cycles. The extra volume of fresh water means that the salinity of the reef ecosystem is then distorted, and could affect the growth of the coral, as coral reefs are highly specialised and need certain conditions to thrive. The turbidity of the water can also intensify and result in coral bleaching. The atmosphere can also be a constructive interaction with the Greater Barrier Reef. For example in 2006 Cyclone Larry hit the shores of North Queensland and destroyed many homes and businesses of the surrounding area. The cyclone also struck the reef, but instead of causing destructing within the ecosystem, the cyclone prevented mass coral bleaching to occur by lowering the temperature of the water. Lithosphere The Great Barrier Reef is aided in its functioning and transforming by the lithosphere. The reef itself produces limestone, the exoskeleton of the deceased coral polyp. This limestone is then weathered down and reallocated by the 4 biophysical environments to other parts of the reef. The limestone is then able to create new landforms like coral cay. The limestone is also used as a defence mechanism by coral against the violent and erosive waves. Like all living organisms coral die and the death of one coral could mean the birth of new coral, as new coral will use the limestone structures created by the deceased coral to grow on. Another lithospheric factor affecting coral functioning is sediment. Sediment like sand can have the effect of clouding up the water of the reef resulting in increased turbidity levels of the water. There is then less sunlight penetration into the reef, affecting the process of photosynthesis and coral bleaching is more likely to occur. Sediment can also over whelm the coral reefs through sediment runoff. The sediment runoff could bring with it many natural and threatening chemicals that could harm the functioning of the Great Barrier Reef. Hydrosphere The Great Barrier Reef tends to have best coral growth when hydrosphere conditions are at their greatest. For example coral reefs tend to have optimal growth when wave energy is high. The wave energy is broken by reef through the seaward, and produces an area of peaceful, protected water behind the reef. The waters of the Great Barrier Reef tend to flow in a northerly direction most of the year, though during monsoonal, wet seasons the formation of the waters changes, and there is a reversal in the direction of the waters. This reversal allows for the cooler southern ocean current to flow into the reef. The reversal in water direction is a key component for the ecology of the reef. The waters that run from the north are warm and highly in salinity, they provide the reef with high nutrient levels and are major influences for the diversity of the ecosystem. Biosphere The biosphere element of the Great Barrier Reef is how the reef grows and obtains its wonderful features. One animal that has been credited for helping to develop the reef is the polyp. Polyps are simple organisms that have a stomach and their calcium carbonate exoskeleton. Within the polyp is an interdependent alga called zooxanthallae. The two organisms provide mutual benefits with the zooxanthallae providing sugars and oxygen through the process of photosynthesis and the polyp in turn supplying nutrients. Polyp regrowth occurs with the use of the deceased polyps exoskeleton. Although coral reproduction is different, where the coral will release their eggs into the warm, summer water, and instantaneously corals release mass amounts of sperm. The fertilised eggs develop into larvae and the larvae continue the reef-building procedure on the dead corals skeleton. The diverse range of species within the Great Barrier Reef also has an impact on its functioning. For example crustaceans a re great at executing the nutrient recycling role, while the crown of thorn star fish is known for attaching itself to coral and eating it to death. Coastal Dunes Atmosphere The four spheres play a decisive role when it comes to the structure, extent and the complexion of coastal dunes. The most pivotal biophysical interaction is the atmosphere. The atmospheres main components impacting coastal dunes are wind, temperature and precipitation, as well as climate. Wind is a major contributor to shaping dunes through aeolion transport, where sand grains are picked up and transported to another location. The amount of sand removed from a dune is dependent on the size of the sand particles, velocity of the wind, nature of vegetation cover and more. For sand particles to be displaced they must be of a certain diameter, around 0.15mm. The faster the velocity of the wind the more likely sand grains will be moved, as there is more force behind the wind. The type of local vegetation and amount of vegetation on the sand dunes also impacts aeolian transport, as the vegetation becomes a barrier against the wind for the sand, and the greater the vegetation the less sand taken. Through the vegetation the dunes are able to continue to grow and increase their diversity. Temperature plays the role of influencing the rate of sand dryness, and type of vegetation on the dunes. Temperature values also determine the functioning of ocean currents. As temperature increases the dryness of sand increases resulting in only few vegetation that are able to live on the dunes, which then affects the rate of aeolian transport. Precipitation is also an atmospheric component that impacts coastal dunes, through the level of rainfall. The amount of vegetation on dunes is dependent on the level of rainfall, with regular rainfall meaning a greater variety and denser vegetation, and little to no rainfall putting the ecosystem at risk, through the little vegetation to protect the sand from aeolian transport. Hydrosphere Hydrological processes are one of the most significant components on earth for change to occur. The hydrological processes that have an impact on coastal dune ecosystems include wind-induced waves, longshore drift and rainfall. Wind-induced waves are important for developing coastal dunes, and combine both the hydrosphere and lithosphere. When there are periods of calmness within the ocean, this means sand is able to be transported from offshore deposits to the beaches. This gives supply to dunes where the winds transport the sand. On the other hand when there are treacherous conditions in the oceans the waves become powerful and crash into the coastline with such force that there able to remove sand from beaches and foredunes. Another hydrological process impacting coastal dunes ecosystems is longshore drift. Longshore drift is the transportation of sediment by currents that are running at parallel to the shoreline. Through longshore drift sediment is able to be produced in one loca tion of a coastal system and then transferred to another location. Longshore drift allows dunes to be created by sediment that has been transported over a long distance. Longshore drift is quite common on the East side of Australia, with many of the islands up in Queensland having been made from sediment that came from New South Wales. The final hydrological process to impact coastal dunes is rainfall. The amount of rainfall has a bearing on the erosion of the sand. When there is high rainfall runoff starts to occur which in turn erodes at the surface of the sand, the surface is then vulnerable to the effects of atmospheric winds. Biosphere The biosphere influences coastal dunes through flora and fauna. There are three species to flora, primary species, secondary species and tertiary species. The primary species are those that are closest to the sea. These areas are only colonised by specialised plants that are able to handle salt spray, sand blast and strong winds. The main role of the pioneer species like Marram Grass is to stabilise any incoming sand. These species of fauna spread at a rapid pace, with strong root systems, and so their able to protect much of a sand dune from its various vulnerabilities. The pioneering plants as their referred to, are vital in reducing wind erosion and stabilising the sand, leading to a better functioning coastal dune ecosystem. The secondary species is the foredune vegetation. They are usually comprised of shrubs and small trees like the coastal wattle, and help in maintaining foredune sand mass. The tertiary species are those that go beyond the coastal moorland, like tall trees. Th e vegetation in this zone is protected from the atmospheric and hydrological processes affecting the ecosystem. The vegetation in this area is not fixed, with variables being the local topography and climate. The development of humus and growth of plants occur, the sunlight exposure and soil conditions start to change. When the soil becomes richer, it attracts shrub and woodland plants, thus changing the vegetation. This process is known as succession. Fauna on coastal dunes is not very evident. Not many fauna live on the dunes closest to the beach, as the conditions are too extreme for them to handle, with maybe only few crabs calling this area home. Along with crabs the only likely animal seen on dunes closest to beaches are striped skink. Towards the back of the dune systems an increasing number of bird species can be found. Lithosphere Question 2. Analyse the impacts due to both human-induced modifications and natural stress on both ecosystems at risk. How does each ecosystem adjust in response to natural stress? Coral Reefs Human Modifications Human dependence on the Great Barrier Reef has been for many thousands of years, dating back to the times of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. As human populations grow the demand for coral reef resources will increase as well. The main human induced modifications are over-fishing and tourism. Over-fishing of the coral reef often occurs when there is an increase in the human population, as there is a now a greater demand for seafood and unique marine life. Fishermen usually target those fish that are closely connected with the coral, like the large wrasses and snappers. When the captures for these species decrease, the fishermen then target all species of fish using more efficient methods of capturing, like spears or mesh nets. As they fish down the food chain fishermen bring great vulnerability to the coral reef ecosystem. Through observation and research its proven that coral with no fish are more prone to overgrowth by macro-algae and increases in coral diseases. There is also physical damage sustained by the coral, through the anchors, nets and traps, which ends up causing more complications for the coral reef. Tourism is the other major human induced factor impacting coral reefs, and especially the Great Barrier Reef. Tourism is a key contributor to the Australian economy, with one of its foremost assets, the Great Barrier Reef bringing in $4 billion a year. Research performed by James Cook University of Cairns found several comprehensive impacts of tourism on the reef. The first being coastal tourism development, where many people visiting the reef want to stay as close to the reef as possible. The coastal developments and building of groynes and marinas near and around the Great Barrier Reef disrupts currents and frequently gravitates to the displacement of sediment. There is also increase tourism on the islands near the reef causing problems linked with sewage and rubbish. Marine based tourism also occurs in the Great Barrier Reef with the anchors and anchor chains of boats having catastrophic effects on the coral, like physical damage. Although operators are very careful when it comes to tourist interaction with coral animals, some tourists negatively interact with the wildlife causing complications in the breeding cycles and natural interactions. Another human impact towards the Great Barrier Reef is land clearing. Approximately 25% of all land in Queensland drains out into the reef. The runoff is a major contributor to degradation in the reef, with agriculture; urban development and aqua culture all impacting the quality of the reef water. The rate of sediment runoff is dramatically increasing through greater urban populations moving to the reef and intensified agriculture. The increase sediment means in a reduction in light energy for photosynthesis to occur, resulting in greater disease and overtime the suppression of the reef. The increase in wetland clearing has also obstructed in the reef development. The wetlands provide many species of the reef habitats and nurseries. When the wetlands for example estuaries are destroyed these species will then need to find new environments and new nurseries disrupting equilibrium within he ecosystem. The wetlands also house a significant amount of water when heavy rainfall occurs. Wi th depleting wetlands this means more fresh water will flow into the reef having damaging effects on the salinity levels of the reef water. Natural Stresses Great Barrier Reef natural stresses!!!!!!! Coastal Dunes Human Modifications Humans have also have dramatic impacts on coastal dune ecosystems. The main reasons to human induced modifications are the ever growing desires of humans to live on the coasts, and the increase in human population. Coastal dunes are used by humans for mining, waste-water disposal, housing and many more. The activities create problems including sand inundation and species loss. Coastal development is occurring all over the world, due to the demand of humans to live near water. Most coastal development involves the process of flattening the parallel dunes to build, and sometimes even the foredune. These actions result in the flow of sand inland being disrupted, and the protective barrier situated between the land and the sea vanishes. Another form of coastal development affecting coastal dunes is reclamation. Reclamation involves building a wall that is some distance off the coast and filling in behind the wall. It is done to extend the land out into water, and although it is positive for humans it is extremely harmful to dune ecosystems, as it alters the movement of sediment along the coast. The areas that are reclaimed are usually tidal floats that often provide sand for dune development and growth. Humans also destroy the coastal dunes through the recreational practices that take place. When people try to make their way to beaches they usually along the plants. This creates holes in the dunes and invites resilient weeds who can cope with trampling to grow. Most vegetation degradation occurs in the foredune, which happens to be the most important part of the dune system, as it protects the least stable component of the dune system. The weight of vehicles and other means of transport compact the sand, resulting in the sand having less oxygen and therefore less plant growth. For example in Lake Huron, Ontario, Canada research has found that the increase number of vehicles having access to the dunes and beaches has caused the deeper sand to become compact, and surface sand to loosen. The loosened sand becomes vulnerable to wind erosion, and causes a decrease in the rate of organic decay and consequently the rate of soil formation is reduced. The research also found that where vehic les had treded on the vegetation, there was greater wind velocity, as there was less vegetation to be a force slowing the wind. Coastal dunes are very specialised and tenuous. When there is an introduction in a flora and/or fauna species, this creates havoc in the dune ecosystem, as the ecosystem has certain needs to properly function. Some species were once introduced to stabilise the dunes but end up becoming the vulnerability of the dune system. One species that has caused major dune damage is the rabbit. The rabbits were introduced to Australia by the First Fleet and have been destructive ever since their introduction. Rabbits impact coastal dunes through eating the grasses and other vegetation, reducing the ground cover and they expose sand to wind erosion. An example of floral impact on the coastal dunes is the detrimental bitou bush. The bitou bush a native of Southern Africa was first introduced in the 1920s. Once the bitou bush has entered the dune system it quickly takes over and kills all the native plants. The bitou bush is so successful due to its high-volume of seed production, large root system s and having no predators in Australia. The major problem with the bitou bush is the monoculture it creates on the dune system, with there being no diversity on the ecosystem. If the bitou bush is removed then the sand is left exposed to wind erosion, causing greater problems. Although, the problems created by leaving the bitou bush are far greater than those eliminating the bitou bush, so much of the bitou bush on the coast is being killed. Natural Stresses Coastal environments are constantly changing, especially coastal dunes. These changes are brought on by humans actions and natural stresses placed on the dunes. The major natural factor impacting coastal dunes is storm damage. Storm-induced waves are able to cause a great deal of damage to the structure of the dune system. The ferocious power of the storm can leave the beaches degraded with little sediment, for dune reconstruction to occur, and sometimes even erode the foredune. Structural damage comes in two main forms, one being washovers, and the other being washouts. An example of a major storm damage that has happened was in 1999 where there destruction on the coastline of Byron Bay, New South Wales. The storms were ruthless and the waves were as high as 3-metres. The storms created mass coastal erosion, with washovers taking place in several locations, generating widespread erosion in the adjacent parallel dune system. There was also recently a series of storms that occurred in Byron Bay in 2009. The strong storms meant the New South Wales Government had to fork out around$740,000 for rebuilding and repairs. The seawalls needed repairs while many houses in the area needed rebuilding and money was needed to regenerate the dunes at Belongil Beach. A further example of storms impacting coastal dunes was in Stockton Beach, Newcastle in 2007. The storms occurred over the June long weekend and resulted in approximately 100,000 cubic metres worth of sand being lost, as well as structural damage like erosion around sea walls. This caused major disturbance to the coastal dune functioning, as will take a long time to recover. Dune systems dont have perfectly shaped surfaces. The dunes often have recessions and elevations along the tops of the dunes. When a storm-waves height surpasses the height of a recession in the dune, water seeps into the dune creating a washover. With consecutive, formidable storm-induced waves the washover impression deepens and widens. This results in a greater volume of water being able to spill over and flow inland. In some intense storm events like tropical cyclones, the washover may continue into the inland dunes. Luckily coastal dunes redevelop over time through constructive waves transporting sand to the beach. Although, areas hit by intense, frequent storms go through the rebuilding process much slower, due to a considerable quantity of sand being removed. Recurring, powerful storms also cause damage to the flora of the dune, further decelerating the process of regeneration. An example of how washovers have caused damage to dunes was the major storm damage that occurred at the Newcastle Port in 1974. The storm was called the Sygna Storm due to its ability to shipwreck the MV Sygna heading for Europe. The strom has wind gusts up to 165 kilometres/per hour, and swells were up to and over 17 metres high. The impact of the storm on the dunes was the well-built foredunes had been completely flattened. Washouts are linked with the penetration of sand barriers like those that segregate coastal lagoon from the open sea, after there has been a period of substantial rainfall. Washouts can also occur in dune systems, when there is a build-up of water in the swales that separate dunes. When there are slumps in the dunes surfaces, the water gets directed through the low points and overspills onto the beach, sometimes transport sand with it. ADJUSTMENT IN RESPONSE TO CHANGE Question 3. Compare and contrast the vulnerability and resilience of the two ecosystems at risk. Question 4. Evaluate the traditional and contemporary approaches to management and protection of both ecosystems. The two ecosystems at risk, coral reefs and sand dunes, are both highly specialised, and for this reason there have been many traditional and contemporary management strategies used to sustain them, and keep them as risk free as possible. Coral Reefs Traditional Management Strategies Traditional management approaches were mostly used by the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. The Aboriginals focused on preserving the reefs and maintaining equilibrium in the ecosystem. The first traditional management plan was season hunting. Season hunting involves hunting only occurring at specific designated times of the year, for example summer. This strategy guarantees that there will be flora and fauna available for the future generations, as well as not severely impacting the process in the food web. The Aboriginals and Islanders only took what resources they needed from the reef, which helped in maintaining dynamic equilibrium in the reef. The strategy has close links to ecological sustainability, as it focuses on protection and fostering the ecosystem. Another impressive traditional management tactic used by the Aboriginals in maintaining the reefs was restrictions on fish sizes. This practice involves only catching fish of a certain length of above. Through this practice the fish of the Great Barrier Reef are given the chance to reproduce at least once before their caught. This lets the ecosystem maintain levels of fauna and as much equilibrium as possible. Add more. Third Traditional Management Strategy Contemporary Management Strategies Coral reefs are also maintained through contemporary management strategies, with one being zoning. Zoning involves establishing what can be done and where it can be done. The purpose of zoning is to diminish stress placed on certain areas of the reef and maintain their ecological sustainability. An example of zoning is allowing commercial fishing to occur in some parts of the reef, while tourism developments can occur in the outer reef area. If imposed properly zoning is a very successful tool in managing and protecting the reefs, as well as allowing present generations to access its natural resources without compromising the reef for future generations. Another way in which reefs can be preserved is through benchmark data. Benchmark data is comparing the ecosystem that is at risk with the standard of that ecosystem. Benchmark data helps in understanding whether the reef ecosystem is at the standard that it should be to be regarded as healthy. For example the standard level globally for the amount of dissolved nitrogen in the water of coral reefs is 0.014ppm. This knowledge would help in knowing if there is too much nitrogen or not enough nitrogen in the water, and humans may then be able to influence its level of nitrogen. Benchmark data is important in interpreting the risk factor the reef ecosystem has. The managing of tourism on the reef is also a significant factor of contemporary management strategies. Tourism generally has a negative impact on the reef, so its important that these tourists learn more about the reefs and the need to manage them. The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA) makes all tourists pay a certain fee when visiting the reefs, so they can reinvest the money into education about the reefs and to manage them. One of the major issues regarding tourism in reefs is the concentration on certain areas. For example, around 85% of all Great Barrier Reef tourism occurs in the areas of Cairns and Whitsunday Islands. Though they only make up 7% of the entire Great Barrier Reef putting immense risk on these areas. Tourism in the Great Barrier Reef is usually a day trip and mostly spent on reef pontoons. Over the years there have been many pontoon accidents and so the GBRMPA decided to ban all pontoon activity unless granted otherwise. The GBRMPA has also impos ed speed limits in the reef as a way of managing the risks of the reefs. As there are thousands of boats passing through the reef every day, the GBRMPA made speed limits for boats so that the risk faced by the reefs be minimised. Tourism also impacts the wildlife and breeding cycles. Fauna have certain places and times when they are breeding and sometimes humans disturb their cycles, creating disequilibrium in that area. For example research found that many bird species that regularly bred on Michaelmas Cays had stopped breeding due to the growing tourist activity on the island. The Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service (QPWS) are in charge of most islands on which birds breed, and so if there irregularities in bird breeding on an island due to human activity, then the QPWS permanently close the island from humans. Coastal Dunes Traditional Management Strategies Very little is known on the traditional Aboriginal ways of the management of coastal dunes. There is archaeological proof that the Aborigines did frequent the dunes but would have only been used as camp sites or for special ceremonial occasions. The findings of middens, which are mounds of shells that indicate a seafood-based meal had occurred, are indicators to the type of marine environment in the area, and the time that the Aborigines used the resources. ASK MISS ABOUT MANAGEMENT THROUGH MIDDENS. Another traditional management strategy though to be used by the Aborigines was the use of totems. Totems are animals assumed as an emblem to an individual or family. For many Aborigines the totems were an animal ancestor of theirs. Their role was to look after and try to preserve their totem. They were not allowed to eat their totem animals or harm it in anyway. This management strategy helped in making sure species were not overhunted. The most known form of Aboriginal management of coa stal dunes was back-burning or cool burning. Back-burning occurred through fires or fire stick farming, and would occur during cool periods so the fires would not get out of hand and kill the whole ecosystem. ASK MISS ABOUT MANAGEMENT THROUGH FIRES. Contemporary Management Strategies For successful dune protection to occur, the natural functioning of the dune must be sustained, while allowing humans to use the coastal dune ecosystem in a sustainable manner. As dune restoration is extremely costly many bodies of power have used strategies that protect the current dunes, and keep them in the best possible condition. One strategy imposed is land-use controls. Through state and local governments there is the ability to have stricter planning laws on human activities, as undertakings on the coastal ecosystem like residential development has extremely negative consequences on the dunes. Local governments have the power to accept or decline any development applications on the dunes. With this power given to local governments the dune system, and specifically the foredune would be able to function in a more natural state. Fencing is another management strategy against human activities, especially trampling from beach users. Dune fences are usually built around the foredune area, and assist in stopping people from trampling the dune vegetation. Particularly when the vegetation is immature and fragile, as its at its most vulnerable state. The fences are made of timber and wire, allowing wind and sand sediment easy access in and out. Along with fencing, fenced access ways are used for people to get to and from the beach. Fenced access ways are built through the dune, and at an angle to the prevailing wind as it minimises funnelling. They are fenced off to further protect the vegetation. With the fenced access ways many dunes have board and chain paths. The chain and board paths help the coastal dunes through reducing trampling by humans, as well as the timber slats being an obstacle to wind erosion to the exposed sand. http://www.mrstevennewman.com/geo/Stockton/nature_change/Washover.JPG Rise in mean annual sea temperature Water temperature is one of the most important variables determining ecosystem function in the marine environment. External temperature controls metabolic rates, which, during non-stress conditions, increase with increasing temperatures in all but warm-blooded organisms. Consequently, persistent warmer temperatures can accelerate life history and population parameters such as growth and reproductive age, and ecosystem properties such as rates of calcification and community metabolism, until they reach a level where temperature stress accumulates and rates start to decline75. While warmer sea temperatures increase growth rates in some organisms such as fleshy macroalgae, they may slow down growth in others because of the relative lower nutrient concentrations in warmer compared to cooler water. At higher temperatures, water column productivity accelerates, depleting the standing stock of dissolved and particulate nutrients including phyto- and zooplankton (McKinnon et al. chapter 6). For example, kelp and other temperate brown macroalgae grow most prolifically at cooler temperatures where nutrient concentrations are higher than in warmer nutrient-depleted waters18, while the productivity of other macroalgae might increase at higher temperatures (DiazPulido et al. chapter 7). Similar responses are likely to occur in other species groups, exemplifying that shifts in the relative abundances of species are to be expected, with profound but yet poorly understood consequences for ecosystem properties and species interactions. Altered reproductive timing has bee n linked to rising mean annual sea temperature. Of particular concern is a potential desynchronisation of the mass-spawning event of corals that occurs annually in the GBR. Thousands of coral species from unrelated taxa synchronise their annual spawning based on sea temperature and moon phase5. The role temperature plays is demonstrated at Magnetic Island off Townsville, where waters are approximately 1Â °C warmer than in the surrounding region and a proportion of species spawn one month earlier on this reef than conspecifics in cooler waters near-by. Similarly, reproduction of fishes on the GBR appears to be triggered by increasing sea temperature in at least some tropical reef fishes16,17,98,49, including coral trout102. Increased temperature could cause an earlier start to the breeding season in these species, and possibly a longer breeding season if thermal limits for reproduction are not exceeded.

The Reason Rapists Are Going Free :: Violence Rape Essays

The Reason Rapists Are Going Free When will the men and women of our world be able to live their lives without the fear of being raped by another person? The article that will be discussed in this paper is called â€Å"The Reason Rapists Are Going Free† written by Stacy Colino. The biggest thing about this article is the fact that the DNA samples gathered in rape kits can nab sexual offenders, but the evidence often sits around collecting dust. Many men as well as women are getting away with harming another person through sexual contact with out their permission. Men as well as women can be rapped but less men will actually go to the police about it they would rather keep it under wraps because they are afraid they will be criticized for being weak which is untrue. Both, men and women are at risk for rape the scary thing is that there is a possibility that their cases will not be processed because their rape kits are not being processed efficiently. The ones that actually are processed are not always bro ught to trial. Those that are processed are thrown through the databases of convicted persons and if there is a match than it will go through the courts, and when this is all done with the victim feels worse about themselves and we promote this in our culture? The audience of this paper is those who want to be informed and those that this horrible problem has happened to. Rape is not something men and women wish to talk about but it is a relevant issue in our world. It should not be something people have to worry about in their own homes. The purpose is to inform people that the rapists can be caught and brought to trial for what they have done. The logos of the article are those who have been raped will be able to get their victimizer put away for a long time therefore the kits should be processed. The ethos that is presented in this article is if you are going to do the crime you should have to do the time as well if you are going to start reassess a case you should make sure the kit is finished. The Reason Rapists Are Going Free :: Violence Rape Essays The Reason Rapists Are Going Free When will the men and women of our world be able to live their lives without the fear of being raped by another person? The article that will be discussed in this paper is called â€Å"The Reason Rapists Are Going Free† written by Stacy Colino. The biggest thing about this article is the fact that the DNA samples gathered in rape kits can nab sexual offenders, but the evidence often sits around collecting dust. Many men as well as women are getting away with harming another person through sexual contact with out their permission. Men as well as women can be rapped but less men will actually go to the police about it they would rather keep it under wraps because they are afraid they will be criticized for being weak which is untrue. Both, men and women are at risk for rape the scary thing is that there is a possibility that their cases will not be processed because their rape kits are not being processed efficiently. The ones that actually are processed are not always bro ught to trial. Those that are processed are thrown through the databases of convicted persons and if there is a match than it will go through the courts, and when this is all done with the victim feels worse about themselves and we promote this in our culture? The audience of this paper is those who want to be informed and those that this horrible problem has happened to. Rape is not something men and women wish to talk about but it is a relevant issue in our world. It should not be something people have to worry about in their own homes. The purpose is to inform people that the rapists can be caught and brought to trial for what they have done. The logos of the article are those who have been raped will be able to get their victimizer put away for a long time therefore the kits should be processed. The ethos that is presented in this article is if you are going to do the crime you should have to do the time as well if you are going to start reassess a case you should make sure the kit is finished.

Underlining Synoptic Gospels

Underlining Synoptic Gospels The Gospels of Luke, Mark, and Matthew offer three similar yet different ways of retelling past events. The passages chosen are the Sermon on the Mount, The Beatitudes, Commissioning of the Twelve, The Fate of the Disciples, and The Coming of the Son of Man. The authors gave their interpretation to different events. Each Gospel clearly gives a general overview of everything taking place during this time period. The only difference exists in detail. The Gospels of Luke, Mark, and Matthew demonstrate the differences in similar stories being told by multiple authors. The Gospels of Luke, Mark, and Matthew match up very well. They generally follow the same storyline for each reading. In the Sermon, they tell how great crowds came from all over flocking to where Jesus was. The Beatitudes match up from Gospel to Gospel. The Commissioning of the twelve tell how Jesus chose his twelve apostles and sent them out on missions to heal the sick and cure the diseased. Apostles will be guided with what to say if questioned in Fate of the Disciples. Lastly, the coming of the son of man is described in all three Gospels. Differences are inevitable when different sources retell stories. The Gospels are no different. Each Gospel gives a different perspective than the other. What is not seen in one gospel is picked up in another. Examples are how masses came to see Jesus for healing, the Beatitudes, and the Disciples. Matthew neglects to tell how the masses of people came from Tyre and Sidon upon heading of Jesus’ miraculous healing powers. These individuals came from all over just for the opportunity to touch him in hopes of being healed. [1] This should have been put in for sure. This is just a blatant example of the power Jesus had. It separated Jesus from the false gods and prophets at the time. Mark does not contain the Beatitudes while Luke’s show of the Beatitudes is slightly shorter than Matthews. Mark may have chosen to not incorporate them into his text. The validity of the Beatitudes, based on this assignment alone, may be challenged based on how one author does not have any and the other two vary. In the Commissioning of the Twelve, Mark is the only author to give the small detail that Jesus sent the Disciples out two by two after giving them authority over unclean spirits. [2] After giving his disciples authority, Matthew does not tell how Jesus went up onto the mountain before he summoned his apostles. Mark does however, by saying that â€Å"He went up on the mountain and called to him those who he wanted and they came to him. †[3] This may be because the source that told Matthew may have not seen Jesus on upon the mountain. Luke and Mark may have had a source that watched it first hand or Matthew may have chosen to leave it out. Continuing with the Commissioning of the Twelve, another difference exists. Luke and Mark, not Matthew, both tell how Jesus went up on a mountain and called his twelve disciples and they were from that point on known as apostles. 4] The main problem with this situation is there is a difference in apostle’s names. All three Gospels have twelve names listed. Mark and Matthew had the name Thaddaeus and Luke had a second Judas. [5] The differences and similarities found in the Gospels are why they must be read together for comparison, much like anything else recorded second hand by various authors. The differences can be explained by lack of info rmation or just the choice of the writer to not include something. Numerous other factors could also be accountable but they need not be. While having differences the Gospels contain beyond more than enough similarities to get the point across. Bibliography Michael D. Coogan, ed. The New Oxford Annotated Bible, Augmented Third Edition, New Revised Standard Version with the Apocrypha. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007. Bart D. Ehrman, A Brief Introduction to the New Testament. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. ———————– [1] Mark 3:8-11; Luke 6: 17-19 [2] Mark 6:7 [3] Mark 3:13 [4] Mark 3:13-14; Luke 9:12-13 [5] Matt. 10:2-4; Mark 3:16-19; Luke 6:14-16

Percent Composition Definition

Percent composition is the percentage by mass of each element in a compound. Example: The percent composition of water is 20% hydrogen and 80% oxygen.